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Early gay and lesbian African-American and African Diaspora artists did not openly declare their homosexuality, but in the late twentieth century, many artists began to explore issues of gender and sexuality in their work.
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James Richmond Barthé (1901-1989) was a popular sculptor associated with the Harlem Renaissance. He combined traditional styles and methods with an interest in expressionism and a fascination with primitivism.
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Nayland Blake (b. 1960) creates--in a variety of media--work that reflects his preoccupation with his racial and sexual identities.
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Beauford Delaney (1901-1979), a renowned modernist painter, suffered terribly from the pressures of being black and gay in a racist and homphobic society.
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Rotimi Fani-Kayode (1955-1989) was one of the most important black photographers of the late twentieth century. The Nigerian-born artist often drew on Yoruba iconography in his self-portraits and in portraits of other men.
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Isaac Julien (b. 1960) is a filmmaker, artist, and cultural critic. He is the most prominent member of a group of black artists and filmmakers involved in examining black and gay representation.
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Mary Edmonia Lewis (1844-1907) was a sculptor born of an African-American father and an Ojibwa (Chippewa) mother. She lived most of her life in Rome where she was a member of a lesbian circle of American artists and expatriates.
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Glenn Ligon (b. 1960) is one of the most successful artists at work today. His deeply resonant mixed-media works explore important questions of race and gender.
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Marlon Riggs (1957-1994), a writer, director, and producer, was an accomplished and outspoken activist whose efforts to promote black gay male visibility live on through his films and essays.
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Assotto Saint (1957-1994) was a poet, performance artist, musician, editor, and publisher whose performance pieces include Risin' to the Love We Need, New Love Song, Black Fag, and Nuclear Lovers.
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