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Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender architects have made
substantial and diverse
contributions to
architecture,
though the impact of sexual orientation on building design is unclear.
Philip Johnson's "Glass House"
The Arts and Crafts Movement
arose as a reaction against nineteenth century industrialism. The
movement emphasized handcrafted, decorative designs and created guilds
of artisans which have been seen as homosocial.
Eileen Gray (1878-1976), a renowned
designer of furniture, rugs, and lacquered screens also gained fame as
an architect who designed elegant, spare residences.
Frank Israel (1945-1996) imbibed the
influence of modernist architects, but developed his own urban
architectural style. One of the most extravagantly gifted
architects of his generation, Israel died in 1996 of AIDS-related
complications.
Philip Johnson (b. 1906) is a
dominating force in American architecture. He has
frequently reinvented himself during his long career.
Julia Morgan (1872-1957), the
first woman architect to be registered in California, designed more
than 700 buildings. She is most remembered as the architect of San
Simeon, the Hearst Castle north of Los Angeles.
 Charles Percier (1764-1838) and
Pierre Fontaine (1762-1853) were among the founders of the
neoclassic Empire style. The two French architects were devoted
to each other throughout their lives.
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