According to the Inquisition authorities, a network of sodomites found in Mexico City in 1658 had developed a "complicity" to hide each other. In Gruzinsky´s view, the capacity of this network to escape from the Inquisition for a long time shows a level of tolerance among the population. Many of the sodomites who were punished had performed same-sex sexual activities during many years in a society where there were few places that were not exposed to public scrutiny.

Luiz Mott has analyzed the Inquisition records for Brazil, especially for the Northeastern region, and found the existence of another extended network of sodomites who fought to sustain their practices in spite of the punishment. These men, called "fanchonos," seemed to be relatively open in their practices.

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Little is known about same-sex sexual performances and identities between women, both because of lack of research and because the sources for such activities are scarce.

A notably diverse country, Brazil is also home to one of the world's most dynamic glbtq political movements.

Although glbtq persons in Colombia continue to be the victims of discrimination and violent hate crimes because of their sexual orientation, civil rights progress has been made in recent years.

"Indigenous" is a concept important in the history of anthropology, particularly as it regards anthropology's treatment of same-sex sexual relations.

In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the Inquisitions of Aragon and Portugal prosecuted almost 1500 trials for sodomy of various kinds.

Although Mexico has had a long history of homosexual activity that began before the Conquest, its Latin American machismo has problematized the acceptance of glbtq people.

Thanks to the valiant struggle of activists to counter a long tradition of intolerance and machismo, Nicaragua now has a more visible glbtq community than ever before.

Historically, the Roman Catholic Church may be the institution most responsible for the suffering of individuals involved in same-sex sexual relationships.

From a particularly strong application of sodomy laws in the early modern period to a liberalization of sexual mores since the 1980s, Spanish society has displayed an ambivalent and complex relationship to sexual minorities.

Both male and female berdaches (or two-spirit persons), common among Native American tribal cultures, were characterized by gender variation sanctioned by supernatural dreams and visions.